EWC Chapter
Wastes from thermal processes
Codes Available
14
Non-Hazardous
14
Chapter Number
10
Wastes from power stations and other combustion plants
Wastes from the iron and steel industry
Wastes from manufacture of cement, lime and plaster and articles and products made from them
Wastes from aluminium thermal metallurgy
Wastes from lead thermal metallurgy
Wastes from zinc thermal metallurgy
Wastes from copper thermal metallurgy
Wastes from silver, gold and platinum thermal metallurgy
Wastes from other non-ferrous thermal metallurgy
Wastes from casting of ferrous pieces
Wastes from casting of non-ferrous pieces
Wastes from manufacture of glass and glass products
Wastes from manufacture of ceramic goods, bricks, tiles and construction products
Wastes from crematoria
Thermal-process residues such as FGD/red gypsum carried iron and trace-metal loads and variable sulphate chemistry that kept them out of plasterboard and cement gypsum specs, so they were landfilled.
Where composition meets published recycled-gypsum criteria, the sulphate fraction substitutes for natural or FGD gypsum in cement set-retardation and plasterboard; acceptance is decided against receiver quality criteria, not assumed.
Recognized recovery routes for this waste family, ranked by typical recovery tier. Which route fits depends on your specific stream — composition, volume and region.
Metal-bearing industry residues — furnace dusts, pickle liquors, smelting residues — route to high temperature metals recovery, where zinc, lead and other metals return to commerce.
40 CFR 268.42 Table 1 — HTMR technology standardProcess residues that still carry recoverable product or feedstock value can be reclaimed — processed to recover a usable material or regenerated for reuse — inside or outside the generating industry.
40 CFR 261.1(c)(4) — reclamationBelow economic metal concentrations, stabilization to the land disposal restriction treatment standard followed by controlled disposal remains the default management route.
40 CFR 268.40 — LDR treatment standardsWhere the lead stream is spent lead-acid batteries, the dedicated battery reclamation regime applies — secondary lead smelting is one of the most established recovery chains in hazardous waste.
40 CFR Part 266 Subpart G — spent lead-acid batteries being reclaimedMetal-bearing residues route to high temperature metals recovery or hydrometallurgical processing, where the contained metals are extracted and returned to commerce as secondary raw material.
40 CFR 268.42 Table 1 — HTMR technology standardThese are the typical routes for Wastes from thermal processes streams. Your stream's actual options depend on its composition and where it sits.
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Source: EUR-Lex Commission Decision 2000/532/EC · NACE Rev.2 — Eurostat 2008
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