Source end-of-life tyres and production tyre scrap. 3.5M t/yr EU generation. 95% recovery rate. Connect with crumb rubber producers, TDF buyers, and pyrolysis operators via SymbioFlows.
~3.5M t/yr
EU annual generation
€40–280/t depending on route
Typical market range
16 01 03
Primary EWC classification
| # | Route | Buyer Type | Price Range |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Crumb rubber production | Crumb rubber producers, sports turf suppliers | €180–280/t |
| Passenger car tyres yield ~60% rubber crumb, ~30% steel, ~10% fibre | |||
| 2 | Tyre-derived fuel (TDF) | Cement kilns, paper mills, industrial boilers | €40–80/t |
| Whole or shredded; steel wire acceptable in cement kilns | |||
| 3 | Pyrolysis (oil + rCB) | Pyrolysis operators | €80–160/t |
| rCB meets ASTM N660–N774 grades; pyrolysis oil as industrial fuel | |||
Primary code: 16 01 03
Related codes commonly used for this stream:
How tyres fits into a wider valorisation strategy.
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Recovery tiers only. For numbers that survive a technical review, see the validation dossier.