Is de-inking sludge hazardous?

Usually not. De-inking sludge (03 03 05) from virgin-fibre printing paper is non-hazardous and accepted in cement kilns as raw meal. Sludge from recycled paper with heavy-metal inks may require analysis.

Can paper mill lime mud replace agricultural lime?

Yes — kraft pulping lime mud (03 03 09) has 85–92% CaCO₃ equivalent and is widely approved for agricultural use in Nordic countries. pH benefit is identical to commercial lime at lower cost.

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Valorize Paper & Pulp Residues Across the Circular Economy

Name: SymbioFlows Platform
Availability: InStock
Author: SymbioFlows

De-inking sludge, bark, ash, and reject fibre represent millions in untapped revenue for pulp and paper mills. SymbioFlows finds the right buyer for every stream.

Get Your Valorization Report

~11M t/yr

EU paper industry waste generation

src: Cepi 2022

100–250 kg/t paper

De-inking sludge yield

src: industry avg

€5–15/t

Ash value in cement/construction

src: market data

8–12 MJ/kg

Bark boiler calorific value

src: Cepi data

Key Waste Streams — EWC Codes & Buyers

EWC Code	Material	Description	Who Buys It
03 03 05	De-inking Sludge	Ink, filler, and fibre sludge from recovered paper processing.	Cement plants, land-spreading, construction aggregates
03 03 07	Mechanically Separated Rejects	Plastic and heavy contraries from pulp screening.	Solid recovered fuel, plastic recyclers
03 03 09	Lime Mud & Green Liquor Dregs	Chemical recovery residues from kraft pulping.	Cement industry (CaCO₃ substitute), neutralisation
03 01 05	Sawdust, Shavings & Wood Waste	Bark, slabs, and sawmill residues from wood preparation.	Biomass boilers, particleboard manufacturers
10 01 01	Bottom Ash & Slag	Ash from bark and sludge incineration.	Cement production, road sub-base