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Chapter 01 — Wastes from exploration, mining, quarrying and physical and chemical treatment of minerals Non-Hazardous

EWC Code

01 01

Wastes from mineral excavation

EUR-Lex Commission Decision 2000/532/EC — Official Journal L 226, 06/09/2000

Annual Volume

~700 Mt/year EU extractive waste (dominant stream)

Valorisation Range

Aggregate reuse €8–15/t; secondary minerals €20–60/t where recoverable

Primary Route

Aggregate reuse and backfill

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Waste Classification

EWC 01 01 covers overburden, waste rock and spoil generated during physical extraction of minerals from the earth. It applies to quarrying and mining where rock, soil and sediment are displaced to access the mineral resource. Unlike processing residues under 01 03 and 01 04, these wastes arise solely from the act of excavation.

The dominant streams are waste rock from metalliferous mining (01 01 01) and from non-metalliferous extraction (01 01 02). Volume depends on the stripping ratio — surface quarries typically generate 0.3–1 m³ overburden per tonne of product; deep metal mines can reach 3–10 m³. Acid mine drainage potential governs whether the waste attracts hazardous classification under the Mining Waste Directive.

EU extractive industries collectively generate ~700 Mt of mining and quarrying waste annually — the largest waste stream by volume. Directive 2006/21/EC requires waste management plans, facility classification and financial guarantees. Reuse as construction aggregate or operational backfill is prioritised over disposal under the waste hierarchy.

Typical Generators

Hard rock mines
Limestone and sandstone quarries
Open-cast mineral workings

Disposal & Valorisation Routes

Established valorisation pathways for EWC 01 01, ranked by economic value and market depth. Aggregate reuse and backfill is the primary route.

Aggregate reuse and backfill

Primary

Inert waste rock graded and sold as construction aggregate, road sub-base or used for mine backfill. Requires quality testing per EN 13242 and potentially an End-of-Waste declaration under national competent authority procedures.

Permitted extractive waste facility

Secondary

Engineered waste rock dump designed to Directive 2006/21/EC standards — geotechnical stability assessment, leachate monitoring and closure plan required. Category A facilities for acid-generating or radioactive waste carry enhanced financial guarantee obligations.

Inert landfill

Backstop

Inert waste rock disposed at licensed inert landfill under Directive 1999/31/EC. Rarely economic relative to on-site management given low value and high volume, but used where site restoration is not feasible.

These are the established routes for EWC 01 01. Which one your stream qualifies for depends on its composition, volume and region.

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NACE Receiving Industries

Primary & secondary off-takers

01
Quarrying of stone, sand and clay

Accepts inert overburden for pit restoration and backfill

02
Construction of roads and motorways

Uses recycled quarry waste as road sub-base and fill material

03
Construction of buildings

Uses graded waste rock as hardcore and sub-base in civil works

04
Waste collection

Specialist extractive waste contractors manage logistics and disposal

05
Cutting, shaping and finishing of stone

Secondary processing of dimensional stone rejects

Source: NACE Rev.2 — Eurostat, 2008

Regulatory Context

Key legislative frameworks governing EWC 01 01 classification, transport, and treatment.

Directive 2006/21/EC on management of waste from extractive industries

Requires waste management plan before operations commence, facility classification (Category A where significant pollution risk), financial guarantee for rehabilitation and post-closure monitoring obligations.

Directive 2008/98/EC

Extractive waste is partially excluded (Art. 2(1)(b)) but waste hierarchy and duty of care apply when material leaves the mine site or enters commerce as a product.

Construction Products Regulation (EU) 305/2011

Recycled aggregate derived from quarry waste requires CE marking under harmonised standard EN 13242 for structural and road applications.

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Industries That Use This Waste

Sectors that valorise EWC 01 01 as an input material or secondary raw material.

Explore EU waste flows — Waste Atlas

Visualise 17 years of E-PRTR industrial facility data. See how EWC 01 01 and related waste streams flow across European industries and sectors.

View Atlas

Source: EUR-Lex Commission Decision 2000/532/EC · NACE Rev.2 — Eurostat 2008

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