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Chapter 11 — Wastes from chemical surface treatment and coating of metals and other materialsSub-code of EWC 11 01 Hazardous

EWC Code

11 01 09*

Sludges and filter cakes containing hazardous substances

EUR-Lex Commission Decision 2000/532/EC — Official Journal L 226, 06/09/2000

Annual Volume (EU)

~1.8M tonnes/yr (EU)

Valorisation Range

€40–180/tonne treatment; zinc recovery at €600–900/tonne Zn content

Primary Route

Secondary Zinc Recovery

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EWC 11 01 09* is a specific sub-code under EWC 11 01 — Wastes from chemical surface treatment and coating of metals and other materials (e.g. galvanic processes, zinc coating, pickling, etching, phosphating). The classification guidance below applies to this waste stream.

EWC Chapter 11 covers wastes arising from chemical surface treatment processes applied to metals and other substrates, including electroplating, hot-dip galvanising, pickling, passivation, etching, phosphating, and anodising.

These processes generate rinse waters, spent process baths, filter cakes, and sludges with significant concentrations of heavy metals (Zn, Ni, Cr, Cu, Cd). The hazardous sub-codes (marked *) contain concentrations above threshold limits defined in Council Directive 91/689/EEC.

Non-hazardous streams under 11 01 include zinc hydroxide sludges from alkaline galvanising rinses and iron-rich pickling sludges from steel hot-rolling lines — both commercially recoverable. Zinc sludges are accepted by non-ferrous smelters as secondary zinc feed; iron-rich sludges are co-processed in cement kilns or sintering plants.

Typical Generators

Automotive component manufacturers
Electronics and PCB fabricators
Metal finishing job-shops (galvanising, anodising)
Aerospace surface treatment facilities

Disposal & Valorisation Routes

Established valorisation pathways for EWC 11 01 09*, ranked by economic value and market depth.

Secondary Zinc Recovery

Primary

Zinc-bearing sludges from galvanising rinses are processed in Waelz kilns or ISP furnaces. Zinc oxide crude recovered at 55–60% Zn; further refined to SHG zinc (99.995%). Typical gate fee: €0–40/tonne; zinc oxide value offsets cost.

Cement Kiln Co-Processing

Secondary

Iron and calcium-rich surface treatment sludges used as raw meal substitute or fuel supplement in cement clinker production. Substitutes 2–5% of primary raw materials. Accepted by major cement groups (HeidelbergMaterials, Holcim) under permitted co-processing contracts.

Permitted Industrial Landfill

Backstop

Stabilised and solidified hazardous sub-streams disposed to Class I permitted hazardous waste landfill sites. Requires pre-treatment to meet leachate limits under Directive 1999/31/EC Council Decision 2003/33/EC.

These are the established routes for EWC 11 01 09*. Which one your stream qualifies for depends on its composition, volume and region.

Get the ranked options for your stream

NACE Receiving Industries

Primary & secondary off-takers

01
Lead, zinc and tin production

Primary zinc recovery from galvanising sludges

02
Manufacture of cement

Co-processing of iron-rich pickling sludges

03
Other non-ferrous metal production

Recovery of nickel and copper from electroplating baths

04
Treatment and disposal of hazardous waste

Stabilisation and disposal of non-recoverable fractions

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