EWC Code
Solid wastes from gas treatment containing dangerous substances
EUR-Lex Commission Decision 2000/532/EC — Official Journal L 226, 06/09/2000Have a 10 03 23 stream? See the dossier that replaces the feasibility study.
See the validation dossier2 million tonnes/year EU-wide · €160M refractory recycling and aggregate market
Primary buyers include Manufacture of refractory products and Hazardous waste treatment.
Get your full stream analysisAnnual Volume (EU)
2 million tonnes/year EU-wide
Valorisation Range
€160M refractory recycling and aggregate market
Primary Route
Refractory re-manufacture (non-hazardous)
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Get contacts for EWC 10 03 23EWC 10 03 23 is a specific sub-code under EWC 16 11 — Waste linings and refractories. The classification guidance below applies to this waste stream.
EWC 16 11 covers waste linings and refractories from furnaces, kilns, reactors and other high-temperature vessels. Sub-entries distinguish metallurgical from non-metallurgical origin and hazardous from non-hazardous: 16 11 01* (carbon-based linings from metallurgical processes containing dangerous substances), 16 11 02 (non-hazardous carbon-based linings), 16 11 03* (other linings from metallurgical processes containing dangerous substances), 16 11 04 (non-hazardous metallurgical linings), 16 11 05* (linings from non-metallurgical processes containing dangerous substances), 16 11 06 (non-hazardous non-metallurgical linings).
Spent refractory bricks from aluminium smelters (spent pot lining — SPL) are classified hazardous due to fluoride and cyanide contamination. Spent refractories from steel electric arc furnaces contain chromium and may leach Cr(VI). Carbon-based electrode materials from steel and aluminium production contain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH).
Non-hazardous spent refractories — magnesia-chrome bricks from cement kilns, silica bricks from glass furnaces, high-alumina bricks from lime kilns — have established reuse markets as secondary aggregate in road base, concrete production and as secondary raw material for refractory re-manufacture.
Typical Generators
Established valorisation pathways for EWC 10 03 23, ranked by economic value and market depth.
Non-hazardous spent refractories crushed and sized for incorporation as grog in new refractory manufacture. High-alumina and magnesia fractions have established secondary raw material markets. Reduces virgin raw material consumption.
Clean non-hazardous refractory rubble processed as secondary aggregate for road sub-base, drainage layers and fill applications. Material must meet aggregate end-of-waste criteria or be used under EWC exemption conditions.
Hazardous refractories (SPL from aluminium smelters, Cr-containing steel refractories) stabilised with cement-based binders to meet WAC leachate limits. Disposed at permitted hazardous landfill under Landfill Directive 1999/31/EC.
These are the established routes for EWC 10 03 23. Which one your stream qualifies for depends on its composition, volume and region.
See how this gets validatedPrimary & secondary off-takers
Secondary raw material recovery of crushed spent refractories as grog in new refractory manufacture
High-alumina refractory aggregate as concrete additive for heat-resistant applications
Stabilisation and disposal of hazardous spent pot lining and Cr-bearing refractories
Civil engineering aggregate use of non-hazardous refractory rubble in fill applications
Sectors that valorise EWC 10 03 23 as an input material or secondary raw material.
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Recovery tiers only. For numbers that survive a technical review, see the validation dossier.